Effects of p,p''-DDT on the Rat Brain Concentrations of Biogenic Amine and Amino Acid Neurotransmitters and Their Association with p,p''-DDT-Induced Tremor and Hyperthermia

Male, Fischer strain 344 adult rats were given various doses (25-100 mg/kg) of p,p'-DDT by oral gavage, and levels of biogenic amines, their metabolites, and amino acid neurotransmitters, tremor activity, and rectal temperature were measured at several intervals (2, 5, 12, and 24 h) after dosing. Dose-related increases in rectal temperature and in tremor activity were observed at 50-100 mg/kg 12 h after dosing. Tremorigenic doses of DDT increased the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) level in hypothalamus, brainstem, and striatum, whereas doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg increased the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) level in hypothalamus and brainstem and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid level in striatum. Six amino acids were assayed in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and striatum; aspartate and glutamate levels were increased only in brainstem at 25-100 mg/kg. No consistent changes in concentrations of taurine, glutamine, glycine, or gamma-aminobutyric acid were observed in any of the regions assayed. Time-related increases in rectal temperature were seen 2-12 h after dosing, and the presence of tremor was observed 5-12 h after dosing; for both the time of peak effect was at 12 h. The DDT-induced hyperthermia and tremor were associated with dose- and time-related increases in levels of 5-HIAA, MHPG, aspartate, and glutamate. It is suggested that an increase in the turnover rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) may be responsible for the DDT-induced hyperthermia, whereas increases in the metabolism of 5-HT and norepinephrine may be involved in the tremor.     

甜菊不同叶龄细胞结构及其甜菊糖甙含量分布的研究

本文报道甜菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)不同叶龄细胞结构与甜菊糖苷含量分布。应用电镜技术观察表明,现蕾期成叶细胞内具有内含物丰富的巨大液泡,这些内含物呈大小不一的颗粒或小泡。应用差速离心法,对甜菊成叶的叶肉细胞进行亚细胞分离,并对各部分进行甜菊糖苷的提取与微量测定。结果表明,甜菊糖苷主要存在于12000g的上清液(这部分主要包括液泡内含物和可溶性细胞质)。结合细胞结构和细胞化学研究结果,表明细胞质是合成UDPG的主要场所,在甜菊糖苷合成中具有重要作用。对不同叶龄叶片甜菊糖苷测定表明,现蕾期成叶的甜菊糖苷含量最高。从甜菊不同叶龄细胞结构和甜菊糖苷含量测定结果,现蕾期是甜菊叶片收割的最适时期。     

油松茎次生结构中树脂道的结构分布和发育的研究

油松茎的次生结构中树脂道存在于次生维管组织中。其中,次生木质部内具有水平的和垂直的两类树脂道,而次生韧皮部内则仅有水平的树脂道。两类树脂道都由上皮细胞和鞘细胞包围着胞间道构成,其中木质部内的树脂道具有死鞘细胞,而韧皮部中的则都系生活细胞。在心材中,垂直树脂道形成拟侵填体。在次生木质部内,垂直树脂道常分布于早材的外部区域和最初形成的晚材中,它们与水平树脂道连接,腔道贯通,从而形成二维网状结构。垂直树脂道来源于纺锤状原始细胞的衍生细胞,而水平树脂道来源于射线原始细胞,两者都以裂生方式发生。     

赤霉素产生菌~#85104菌株原生质体的形成再生和紫外光对原生质体诱变条件的研究

赤霉产生菌在正常条件下不产生孢子,育种材料以多核菌丝体及其碎片为主,大部分常用的诱变剂对它们诱变效应较差。本文报导有关赤霉素产生菌~#85104菌株原生质体的获得、再生和紫外光诱变原生质体的条件,甘氨酸对菌丝体生长的影响,以及采用二硫苏糖醇预处理菌丝体等方面条件的研究。在采用紫外光照射原生质体的诱变处理下,已获得数株高产的新菌株。     

腺苷酸激酶在我国九个民族中的多态分布

用淀粉胶电泳及特异染色的方法,对我国9个民族的腺苷酸激酶(AK)多态分布进行了测定。9个民族中维吾尔族AK表型分布具有多态性。维吾尔族中AK_1~1基因频率为0.965,AK_1~2基因频率为0.035,而侗、回、白、土家、苗、彝、藏、满等8个民族的AK_1~2均未达到多态水平。在9个民族中AK_1表型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并且未发现其它罕见表型。     

Number of hits necessary for complement-mediated hemolysis

The number of hits necessary for the C8 and C9 steps of immune hemolysis was reexamined with a previously unemployed experimental design, in which various numbers of EAC1-7, excess of the supplementary component and a constant amount of the component tested were incubated in a constant volume (Inoue et al. 1976. Infect. Immun. 13: 337). Our results were consistent with previous findings; the steps of guinea pig C8 and C9, the human C8 each followed a one-hit mechanism, while that of human C9 showed ka multi-hit response. When lysis of sensitized erythrocytes (EA) by normal human serum was analysed in a similar way, one-hit curves were obtained. This result, taken together with the above results, suggests that immune hemolysis occurs by a single lesion including a single C8 and multiple C9 in the case of human complement and that normal human serum contains sufficient excess of C9. On the other hand, when C9-deficient human serum was used for lysis of EA, multiple-hit curves were obtained. The mechanism of lysis by C5b-8 may differ from that by C5b-9.     

农田小麦在土壤湿润条件下的气孔活动

1984年在北京大屯农业生态系统试验站用MK 3型自动气孔计对土壤湿润、睛朗天气条件下冬小麦气孔传导力的日变化,季节变化、以及叶龄和梯度变化进行了观测。发现叶片传导力(gl)的日变化为双峰曲线,正午gl的降低可能是强光和高的饱和差作用的结果,从而限制了光合潜力的发挥。近轴面传导力(gd)和远轴面传导力(gb)的比(α)不是一个常数,这是因为两面气孔对环境条件的反应不同。gl和冠层传导力(g(?))都以孕穗期为最高。灌浆时期gl和gc有所降低,反映了叶片的过早衰老。这是影响本地区小麦产量的重要因素之一,其原因不仅与土壤水分有关,还与大气条件和病虫害有关。本文还讨论了gl随时龄的变化。观测表明,气孔计可以迅速准确地掌握作物群体的生理动态,有可能用于指导农田灌灌和管理。     

Pseudo-inhibitors of neutrophil superoxide production: evidence that soybean-derived polypeptides are superoxide dismutases

We have previously reported the purification of polypeptides from soybean which are potent inhibitors of superoxide production by human neutrophils. We now report that neither oxygen uptake nor hydrogen peroxide production by stimulated neutrophils is affected by these inhibitors. Furthermore, the E-1 and E-3 polypeptides inhibit ferricytochrome c reduction by a xanthine oxidase superoxide generation system. The inhibitory activity of E-3 in the model system is blocked by 1 mM KCN while E-1 is only slightly cyanide sensitive. Atomic absorption analysis of E-1 and E-3 polypeptides reveal copper in the latter and manganese in the former. Thus, E-3 is a copper-containing superoxide dismutase while E-1 appears to be a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase.     

Physicochemical characterization of large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles prepared by reverse-phase evaporation

Properties of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), composed of phosphatidylcholine and prepared by reverse-phase evaporation and subsequent extrusion through Unipore polycarbonate membranes, have been investigated and compared with those of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and of multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The unilamellar nature of the LUV is shown by 1H-NMR using Pr3+ as a shift reagent. The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of LUV composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene and 90 degrees light scattering, occurs at a slight lower temperature (40.8 degrees C) than that of MLV (42 degrees C) and is broadened by about 50%. The phase transition of SUV is shifted to considerably lower temperatures (mid-point, 38 degrees C) and extends over a wide temperature range. In LUV a well-defined pretransition is not observed. The permeability of LUV (DPPC) monitored by leakage of carboxyfluorescein, increases sharply at the phase transition temperature, and the extent of release is greater than that from MLV. Leakage from SUV occurs in a wide temperature range. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of LUV (DPPC) reveals vesicles of 0.1-0.2 micron diameter with mostly smooth fracture faces. At temperatures below the phase transition, the larger vesicles in the population have angled faces, as do extruded MLV. A banded pattern, seen in MLV at temperatures between the pretransition and the main transition, is not observed in the smaller LUV, although the larger vesicles reveal a dimpled appearance.